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Scale-up confirmation at Cadia |
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FALCON CONCENTRATORS devotes a substantial amount of time and revenue to the design and metallurgical performance of its technology. A large portion of this is conducted by Research Institutes, Universities and onsite trials. Falcon appreciates the commitment and research conducted by the various parties throughout the industry. The Technical Papers contained herein are our proof of the time spent on designing the best range of equipment for the industry, and a tribute to those involved with the Falcon technology. In order to view a PDF you need Adobe Acrobat Reader.
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| TITLE | OVERVIEW | | 1. | Selecting Batch-Type, Fluidized Bed Enhanced Gravity Concentrating Equipment | | | 2. | The Gravity Recoverable Gold Test and Flash Flotation | | | 3. | Development of the Falcon Concentrators | | | 4. | Falcon Fine Recovery | | | 5. | Gravity Concentration of Gold From Cyclone Feed In Grinding Circuits | | | 6. | Centrifugal Concentrators in Gold Recovery and Coal Processing | | | 7. | A New Generation in Gravity Gold Recovery | | | 8. | Comparison of the Knelson and Falcon Centrifugal Separators | | | 9. | An Investigation of the Super-Bowl at Mineral Hill and Knelson at Casa Beradi Mines | | | 10. | Criteria for Comparison of Enhanced Gravity Concentration Equipment for Mineral Processing Applications | | | 11. | Advantages of selecting the Falcon Model SB5200 | | | 12. | Enhanced Gravity Concentration for Precious Metal Recovery - Cyclone Feed and Base Metal Circuits | |
| 1 | | GOLD RECOVERY | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Selecting Batch-Type, Fluidized Bed Enhanced Gravity Concentrating Equipment | Falcon Library | Vancouver, Canada 2002
| | Steve McAlister | P.Eng. | | | SUMMARY | Many of Falcon's customers have asked what to look for when selecting their enhanced gravity concentration equipment. Those that take the time to do an in-depth technical review quickly conclude that Falcon's technology delivers superior performance based on a number of criteria including: - Concentrating Surface Area
- Centrifugal Field (G's)
- Variable Speed
- Acceleration of Pulp
- Unit Capacity
| - Fluidization Water Demand
- Off-Line Time
- Internal Pressurization
- Fluidization Water Injection Hole Plugging
- Control Philosophy
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| 22 | | COAL CLEANING | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | The Gravity Recoverable Gold Test and Flash Flotation | 34th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mineral Processors | Ottawa, Canada 2002 | | Andre Laplante McGill University Canada | Robert C. Dunne Newcrest Mining Limited Australia | | | SUMMARY | | The role of flash flotation in precious metal recovery is reviewed. Interacting flash flotation and gravity recovery is discussed. The GRG test can be used, when linked to the behavior of gold in grinding and classification units, to predict the recovery of GRG by flash flotation. The Cadia mill in New South Wales is used as a case study of circuit design, performance and simulation. It is shown that high throughput coarse grind applications such as Cadia require very effective fine GRG recovery systems in the primary grinding loop, which are more consistent with flash flotation than batch centrifuge concentrators (BCCs). BCCs can effectively recover a significant fraction of the GRG from flash concentrates, as predicted by laboratory testing and confirmed at a growing number of mill sites. |
| 3 | | GOLD RECOVERY | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Development of the Falcon Concentrators | Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. | SME Orlando 1998 | Steve McAlister K.C. Armstrong | Falcon Concentrators Inc. Victoria, BC, Canada | | | SUMMARY | | This paper outlines the development of the Falcon enhanced gravity separator. Design objectives included continuous operation with sharp separations, mechanical simplicity, minimization of process water demand, the ability to apply a centrifugal field up to 300G's, unit capacity in excess of 100 t/h within a footprint of 10 square meters, a capital cost below $US 4,000 per t/h capacity, and total operating costs of less than $US 0.40 per tonne. A parallel development has been inexpensive, effective, semi-continuous equipment for recovery of precious metals in the free metallic state. These objectives have been largely met. There are significant opportunities for the technology in many mineral-processing applications. |
| | | 4 | | GOLD RECOVERY | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Falcon Fine Recovery | Falcon Library | Vancouver Can., 1998 | | Colin Sprake, B. Sc. | | | | SUMMARY | | Falcon has been involved with gravity concentration for the last 13 years, having designed two distinct ranges of equipment; a semi-continuous Falcon SB range for installation into grinding circuits and the recently released Falcon C range for pre-concentration and scavenging in a wide range of mineral industries. |
| 5 | | CYCLONE FEED | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Gravity Concentration of Gold From Cyclone Feed In Grinding Circuits | Falcon Library | Vancouver Can., 1998 | | Steve McAlister, P. Eng., & Colin Sprake, B. Sc. | | | | SUMMARY | | The use of gravity concentration in gold milling flowsheets is well established. In the past, a typical approach was to treat the entire mill discharge with a mineral jig. Water, necessary for classification, was added through the jig hutch. Jig concentrate was tabled to form a smeltable product. Recently, enhanced gravity concentration devices have been developed which require less maintenance and have better metallurgical performance than jigs. These devices have a unit water demand such that the water balance around the grinding circuit would be affected if the entire mill discharge were treated. In addition, unit capacity cost of an enhanced gravity machine is higher than for a jig and the feed requires screening. Today, conventional wisdom dictates that the enhanced gravity device is connected to a fraction of the cyclone underflow stream. This is not the location in the circuit that will result in optimum recovery of gold by gravity. |
| 62 | | COAL CLEANING | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Centrifugal Concentrators in Gold Recovery and Coal Processing | Extraction Metallurgy Africa 1997 | Johannesburg, 1997 | | Rafael Luis Abela | Multotec (Pty) Ltd. | | | SUMMARY | | An introductory paper describing the theory and principle behind gravity "bowl" concentrators. Falcon applications in African gold recovery and an initial pilot campaign at Kleinkopje Colliery are presented. |
| 7 | | Falcon Model SB | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | A New Generation in Gravity Gold Recovery | Falcon Library | Vancouver Can., 1997 | | Steve McAlister | | | | SUMMARY | This report describes the Falcon Model SB enhanced gravity concentrator, its origins and applications. It also discusses design details, operational considerations and improvements over earlier competitive technology. |
| 8 | | GOLD RECOVERY | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Comparison of the Knelson and Falcon Centrifugal Separators | Richard M. Mozley International Symposium 1997 | Falmouth G.B., 1997 | | P. Ancia, J.Frenay P.Dandois | University of Liege, Belgium University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile | | | SUMMARY | | The Performance of two lab-scale centrifuge concentrators - the 3" Knelson and the 4" Superbowl - have been investigated. Synthetic ores consisting in mixtures of quartz/tungsten, quartz/ilemenite/tungsten and quartz/galena have been used. Concentration tests with quartz/galena suggest that the concentration of the dense mineral can proceed by different ways according to the water flow: by infiltration or by plating of the dense mineral (low flow), by substitution between the light and the dense minerals (intermediate flow) and by elutriation of the light mineral (high flow). Tests carried out o the two concentrators show that the Falcon achieves, on a wide range of particle sizes of the tungsten and on a wide range of water pressure, a better recovery of the tungsten (used to simulate gold) than the Knelson. The Knelson and the Falcon have been used to concentrate less dense mineral than the tungsten (galena). In both concentrators, the recovery is less than with the tungsten. Again, a better recovery is obtained with the Falcon. |
| 9 | | GOLD RECOVERY | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | An Investigation of the Super-Bowl at Mineral Hill and Knelson at Casa Beradi Mines | Report on the first year of the NSERC-CRD Project 661-148-95 | Montreal Can., 1995 | | Andre Laplante | McGill University, Canada | | | SUMMARY | This report summarizes two investigations performed with samples from Mineral Hill and Casa Berardi Mines, of TVX Gold, and presents a general discussion on the choice of Knelson vs. SuperBowl.
Test work at Mineral Hill showed that the Superbowl could recover very fine gold (<37 mm) more effectively than Knelsons, but at a loss of efficiency in the coarse size range. The very low feed rate of the unit at the time of testing created a problem as to the usefulness of the data. |
| 10 | | MINERAL PROCESSING | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Criteria for Comparison of Enhanced Gravity Concentration Equipment for Mineral Processing Applications | Falcon Library | Vancouver Can., 1995 | | Steve McAlister | | | | SUMMARY | | Although enhanced gravity concentration machines have been proven in a number of mineral processing applications over the last several years, engineers have had to rely largely on claims of manufacturers as to unit capacities, and size-effectiveness without reference to the underlying unbreakable physical laws. Now, sufficient, independent, fundamental research has been performed to identify physical characteristics of these machines that can be used for comparing equipment from different manufacturers. Since these characteristics are quantitative, it allows the engineer to not only select the right machine but also remove some of the hyperbole associated with the marketing of some brands. |
| 11 | | MINERAL PROCESSING | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Advantages of selecting the Falcon Model SB5200 | Falcon Library | Vancouver Can., 2002 | Steve McAlister, P. Eng., Colin Sprake, B. Sc. Ext. Met. | | | | SUMMARY | | The trend today in mining and mineral processing plants is toward equipment with ever-larger unit capacities. 300 Tonne haul trucks are now commonplace. Grinding mills capable of treating over 2,000 tph have been operating for a number of years. The rationale behind these developments is cost. It is the same for enhanced gravity concentration equipment. The winner will be the equipment with the largest unit capacity for these reasons. |
| 12 | | MINERAL PROCESSING | [DOWNLOAD PDF] | | TITLE | SOURCE | DATE | | Enhanced Gravity Concentration for Precious Metal Recovery - Cyclone Feed and Base Metal Circuits | Canadian Mineral Process Conference | Ottawa Can., January, 2003 | Colin Sprake, B. Sc. Ext. Met. Steve McAlister, P. Eng., | | | | SUMMARY | | This paper discusses the details and metallurgical and cost benefits of installing enhanced gravity concentration equipment on cyclone feed as opposed to cyclone underflow in grinding circuits. It also looks at the recovery of gold from base metal flotation circuits around the world. The entire paper makes references to plants that have already installed equipment and the results they are achieving. |
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